In many major cities, housing costs have risen rapidly due to population growth, urbanisation, and limited new development. Economists broadly agree that two leading strategies can reduce housing costs: Supply-side solutions aim to increase the total number of housing units, primarily through zoning reform, easing building restrictions, and incentivising private development. Demand-side solutions aim to help individuals afford housing through government interventions such as rent control, rental subsidies, or taxes on vacant homes. While both approaches can coexist, governments often have limited resources and must prioritise one approach in both funding and political capital.